1968.9-1972.5 University of Rochester, Rochester, New York; B.S., Biology Geology
1972.9-76.5 Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; Ph.D.,Department of Botany (Minor: Chemistry)

2018--Now，Chair Professor Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PRC
2015--2017 King's Guest Professor Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden
2010--Now Visiting Researcher Institute of Oceanography, Nha Trang, Viet Nam
2008--2010 Visiting Professor Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
1998--2017 Professor Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary
1991--1998 Member, Institute of Mathematical Modeling, University of Tennessee
1993--1998 Associate Director, Graduate Program in Ecology & Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee
1987--1998 Professor, Department of Botany and Graduate Program in Ecology University of Tennessee
1983--1984 Research Professor, Naval Postgraduate School
1982--1987 Associate Professor, Department of Botany and Graduate Program in Ecology, University of Tennessee
1976--1982 Assistant Professor Department of Botany and Graduate Program in Ecology , University of Tennessee

Smith has worked for decades on untangling the controls on phytoplankton growth, losses from the surface layer, impacts of nutrients and micronutrients, the temporal and spatial variations within a particular region, and understanding the role of phytoplankton on the biogeochemical cycles of the ocean. He has especially worked in the Southern Ocean and Ross Sea, having been to the Antarctic 37 times. He also has been to the Arctic Ocean on numerous cruises, as well as other oceans. More recently he has used new technologies to understand the different mechanisms that create small and mesoscale variations in biological distributions and processes. He will continue to emphasize coastal regions throughout the world in his research, from those in the tropics (e.g., southern Viet Nam), temperature areas (coastal China and USA) to polar systems (Ross Sea, Arctic Ocean), and combine laboratory and experimental approaches to understanding the patterns observed in the ocean.

In recent 5 years:
1. An Improved Understanding of the Seasonal Phytoplankton Biomass and Productivity Cycles in the Ross Sea NSFC Approal number: 41876228 Amout：￥630000* 2018.11
2. Collaborative Research: The effect of carbonate chemistry on the sea ice community in the High Arctic NSF Number: OPP 1734786 Amount: $447,443* 2017.10
3. Collaborative Research: Shelfbreak Frontal Dynamics: Mechanisms of Upwelling, Net Community Production, and Ecological Implications，NSF Number: OCE-1657855，Amount: $420,394* 2017.10
4. Effects of Temperature on Phytoplankton Growth Rates NSF Number: PLR-1443258 Amount: $265,079* 2015.5
*: Indicates active account

1,Smith, W.O., Jr. and D.M. Nelson. 1985. Phytoplankton bloom produced by a receding ice edge in the Ross Sea: Spatial coherence with the density field. Science 227: 163 166.
2,Johnson, T.O. and W.O. Smith, Jr. 1985. Sinking rates of natural phytoplankton populations of the western Weddell Sea. U.S. Ant. J. 20: 139 140.
3,Smith, W.O., Jr. and D. M. Nelson. 1985. Phytoplankton biomass near a receding ice edge bloom in the Ross Sea. In: Antarctic Nutrient Cycles and Food Webs (W.R. Siegfried, P.R. Condy and R.M. Laws, eds.) Springer Verlag, Berlin. Pp. 70 77.
4,Smith, S.L., W.O. Smith, Jr., L.A. Codispoti and D.L. Wilson. 1985. Biological observations in the marginal ice zone of the East Greenland Sea. J. Mar. Res. 43: 693 717.
5,Elser, M.M. and W.O. Smith, Jr. 1985. Phased cell division and growth rate in a planktonic dinoflagellate, Ceratium hirundinella, in relation to environmental variables. Arch. Hydrobiol. 104: 477 491.
6,Smith, W.O., Jr. and D.M. Nelson. 1986. The importance of ice edge blooms in the Southern Ocean. BioScience 36: 251 257.
7,Ainley, D.G., W.R. Fraser, C.W. Sullivan, J.J. Torres, T.L. Hopkins and W.O. Smith, Jr. 1986. Antarctic pack ice structures mesopelagic nektonic communities. Science 232: 847 849.
8,MIZEX Group (includes W.O. Smith, Jr.). 1986. MIZEX East 83/84: The summer marginal ice zone program in the Fram Strait/Greenland Sea. EOS 67: 513 517.
9,Wilson, D.L., W.O. Smith, Jr. and D.M. Nelson. 1986. Phytoplankton bloom dynamics of the western Ross Sea ice edge I. Primary productivity and species specific production. Deep Sea Res. 33: 1375 1387.
10,Nelson, D.M. and W.O. Smith, Jr. 1986. Phytoplankton bloom dynamics of the western Ross Sea II. Mesoscale cycling of nitrogen and silicon. Deep Sea Res. 33: 1389 1412.
11,Johnson, T.O. and W.O. Smith, Jr. 1986. Sinking rates of natural phytoplankton populations from the Weddell Sea marginal ice zone. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 33: 131 137.
12,Smith, W.O., Jr., N.K. Keene and D.L. Wilson. 1986. Chlorophyll a distribution in the vicinity of an advancing ice edge: Antarctic Marine Ecosystem Research at the ice edge zone, 1986. U.S. Ant. J. 21: 163 164.
13,Smith, W.O., Jr. and R.T. Barber. 1987. The influence of horizontal and vertical displacements on phytoplankton assemblages in tropical upwelling systems. Oceanologica Acta 6: 137 144.
14,Smith, W.O. Jr., M. Baumann, D. Wilson and B. Aletsee. 1987. Productivity and biomass in the marginal ice zone of the Fram Strait. J. Geophys. Res. 92: 6777 6786.
15,Smith, W.O., Jr. 1987. Phytoplankton dynamics of marginal ice zones. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Ann. Rev. 25: 11 38.
16,Nelson, D.M., W.O. Smith, Jr., L.I. Gordon and B. Huber. 1987. Early spring distributions of nutrients and phytoplankton biomass in the ice edge zone of the Weddell/Scotia Sea. J. Geophys. Res. 92: 7181 7190.Smith, W.O., Jr. 1987. Review of "Plankton Dynamics of the Southern California Bight" by R.W. Eppley. EOS 68: 685.
17,Nelson, D.M., W.O. Smith, Jr. and L.I. Gordon. 1987. AMERIEZ 1986: Nutrient and phytoplankton biomass distributions in the ice edge zone of the northwestern Weddell Sea. U.S. Ant. J. 22: 182 183.
18,Smith, W.O., Jr. and D.M. Nelson. 1987. New production in the marginal ice zone of the Weddell Sea during AMERIEZ 1983. U.S. Ant. J. 22: 193 194.
19,Sullivan, C.W., C. McClain, J.C. Comiso, and W.O. Smith, Jr. 1988. Phytoplankton standing crops within an Antarctic marginal ice zone assessed by satellite imagery. J. Geophys. Res. 93: 12,487 12,498.
20,Brightman, R.I. and W.O. Smith, Jr. 1988. Phytoplankton photosynthesis irradiance relationships during austral winter in the Bransfield Strait region. Ant. J. U.S. 23: 131 133.
21,Smith, W.O., Jr., N.K. Keene and J.C. Comiso. 1988. Potential interannual variability in the productivity of the marginal ice zone of the Southern Ocean. In: Antarctic Ocean and Resources Variability. (D. Saarhage, ed.). Springer Verlag, Berlin. Pp. 131 139.
22,Smith, W.O., Jr. and G. Kattner. 1989. Nitrogen uptake and phytoplankton growth in the marginal ice zone of the Fram Strait. J. Cons. int. Explor. Mer 188: 90 99.
23,Niebauer, H.J. and W.O. Smith, Jr. 1989. A numerical model of physical biological oceanographic interactions in marginal ice zones. J. Cons. int. Explor. Mer 188: 121 (Abstract).
24,Nelson, D.M., W.O. Smith, Jr., R.D. Muench, L.I. Gordon, D.M. Husby, and C.W. Sullivan. 1989. Particulate matter and nutrient distributions in the ice edge zone of the Weddell Sea: relationship to hydrography during late summer. Deep Sea Res. 36: 191 209.
25,Brightman, R.I. and W.O. Smith, Jr. 1989. Photosynthesis/irradiance relationships in Antarctic phytoplankton during winter. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 53: 143 151.
26,Cota, G.F. and W.O. Smith, Jr. 1989. Phytoplankton biomass and productivity in the marginal ice zone of the Weddell Scotia Sea during the austral winter. Ant. J. U.S. 24: 152 153.
27,MIZEX Group (includes W.O. Smith, Jr.). 1989. MIZEX East 1987: the winter marginal ice zone program in the Fram Strait/Greenland Sea. EOS 70: 545 555.
28,Culver, M.E. and W.O. Smith, Jr. 1989. Effects of environmental variation on sinking rates of marine phytoplankton. J. Phycol. 25: 262 270.
29,Niebauer, H.J. and W.O. Smith, Jr. 1989. A mesoscale model of the physical biological interactions in the Fram Strait marginal ice zone. J. Geophys. Res. 94: 16,151 16,176.
30,Smith, W.O., Jr. Editor. 1990. Polar Oceanography. Parts A and B. Academic Press, San Diego. 760 p.
31,Smith, W.O., Jr. and E. Sakshaug. 1990. Autotrophic processes in polar regions. In Polar Oceanography, Part B (W.O. Smith, Jr., Ed.). Academic Press, San Diego. Pp. 477 525.
32,Comiso, J.C., N. Maynard, W.O. Smith, Jr. and C.W. Sullivan. 1990. Satellite ocean color studies of Antarctic ice edges in summer/autumn. J. Geophys. Res. 95: 9481 9496.
33,Cota, G.F., S. Kottmeier, D. Robinson, W.O. Smith, Jr. and C.W. Sullivan. 1990. The distribution and activity of bacterioplankton in the marginal ice zone of the Weddell Sea during austral autumn. Deep Sea Res. 37: 1145 1167.
34,Sullivan, C.W., G.F. Cota, C.W. Krempin and W.O. Smith, Jr. 1990. The distribution and activity of bacterioplankton in the marginal ice zone of the Weddell Sea during austral spring. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 63: 239 252.
35,Smith, W.O., Jr., H.P. Kelly and J.H. Rich. 1990. Chlorophyll distribution and primary productivity in the Ross Sea, austral summer 1990. Ant. J. U.S. 25: 179 182.
36,Smith, W.O., Jr. and D.M. Nelson. 1990. Primary productivity and nutrient uptake in an Antarctic marginal ice zone during austral spring and autumn. Limnol. Oceanogr. 35: 809 821.
37,Smith, W.O., Jr. and D. Garrison. 1990. Marine ecosystem research at the Weddell Sea ice edge: the AMERIEZ program. Oceanography 3: 22 29.
38,AmasSeds Research Group (includes W.O. Smith, Jr.). 1990. A multidisciplinary Amazon Shelf Sediment Study. EOS 71: 1711, 1776 1777.
39,Smith, W.O., Jr., R.I. Brightman and B. Booth. 1991. Phytoplankton biomass and photosynthetic response during winter in the Fram Strait. J. Geophys. Res. 96: 4549 4554.
40,Smith, W.O., Jr., L.A. Codispoti, D.M. Nelson, T. Manley, E.J. Buskey, H.J. Niebauer and G.F. Cota. 1991. Importance of Phaeocystis blooms in the high latitude ocean carbon cycle. Nature 352: 514 516.
41,Keene, N.K., W.O. Smith, Jr. and G. Kattner. 1991. Nitrogen uptake in two frontal regions of the Greenland Sea. Polar Biol. 11: 219 225.
42,Smith, W.O., Jr. 1991. New production in polar regions: parallels and contrasts between the Arctic and Antarctic. Mar. Chem. 35: 245 258.
43,Smith, W.O., Jr. and W.G. Harrison. 1991. New production in polar regions: the role of
environmental controls. Deep Sea Res. 38: 1463 1479.
44,Ainley, D.G., W.R. Fraser, W.O. Smith, Jr., T.L. Hopkins, and J.J. Torres. 1991. The structure of upper level pelagic food webs in the Antarctic: effect of phytoplankton distribution. J. Mar. Systems 2: 111 122.
45,Nelson, D.M. and W.O. Smith, Jr. 1991. Sverdrup revisited: critical depths, maximum chlorophyll levels and the control of Southern Ocean productivity by the irradiance/mixing regime. Limnol. Oceanogr. 36: 1650 1661.
46,Cota, G.F., W.O. Smith, Jr., D.M. Nelson, L.I. Gordon and R.D. Muench. 1992. Nutrients and biogenic particulate distributions, primary productivity and nitrogen uptake in the Weddell Scotia Sea marginal ice zone in austral winter. J. Mar. Res. 50: 155 181.
47,DeMaster, D.J., R.B. Dunbar, L.I. Gordon, A.R. Leventer, J.M. Morrison, D.M. Nelson, C.A. Nittrouer and W.O. Smith, Jr. 1992. The cycling and accumulation of organic matter and biogenic silica in high latitude environments: the Ross Sea. Oceanography 5: 146 153.
48,Smith, W.O., Jr., G.R. DiTullio, S.M. Polk, A. Jacobson, S. Etnier and A.R. Close. 1992. Phytoplankton biomass in the western Ross Sea: comparison between 1990 and 1992.Ant. J. U.S. 27: 131-132.
49,DiTullio, G.R. and W.O. Smith, Jr. 1992. Spatial variability in dimethyl sulfide concentrations in the Ross Sea: February 1992. Ant. J. U.S. 27: 135-137.
50,Muggli, D.L. and W.O. Smith, Jr. 1993. The regulation of nitrate and ammonium in the Fram Strait. Mar. Biol. 115: 199 208.
51,Smith, W.O., Jr. 1993. Nitrogen uptake and new production in the Greenland Sea: the spring Phaeocystis bloom. J. Geophys. Res. 98: 4681 4688.
52,Smith, W.O., Jr. and H.J. Niebauer. 1993. Interactions between biological and physical processes in Arctic Oceans: investigations using numerical models. Rev. Geophys. 31: 189 209.
53,The NEWATER Steering Committee (includes W.O. Smith, Jr.). 1993. Collaborative research on the Northeast Water Polynya: initial results from the 1992 Polar Sea cruise. EOS 74: 185, 195 196.
54,Daly, K.D. and W.O. Smith, Jr. 1993. Physical biological interactions influencing marine plankton production. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 24: 555 585.
55,DiTullio, G.R. and W.O. Smith, Jr. 1993. DMS concentrations near the Antarctic Peninsula: November, 1992. Ant. J. U.S. 28: 130-131.
56,Smith, W.O., Jr. 1993. Primary productivity of the Antarctic Peninsula region during November 1992. Ant. J. U.S. 28:128-129.
57,Cota, G.F., W.O. Smith, Jr. and B.G. Mitchell. 1994. Photosynthesis of Phaeocystis in the Greenland Sea. Limnol. Oceanogr. 39: 948-953.
58,Manley, T.O. and W.O. Smith, Jr. 1994. Transport of biogenic particulate matter to depth within the Greenland Sea. The Polar Oceans and Their Role in Shaping the Global Environment, Geophys. Monogr. 85, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, pp. 223-236.
59,Smith, W.O., Jr. 1994. Primary productivity of a Phaeocystis bloom in the Greenland Sea during spring, 1989. The Polar Oceans and Their Role in Shaping the Global Environment, Geophys. Monogr. 85, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, pp. 263-272.
60,Smith, W.O., Jr., A. White, J. Rich, A. Schauer, and M.L. Garrett. 1994. Phytoplankton biomass in the western Ross Sea: January and February 1994. Ant. J. U.S. 29: 144-145.
61,Ackleh, A.S., T.G. Hallam and W.O. Smith, Jr. 1994. Influences of aggregation and grazing on phytoplankton dynamics and fluxes: an individual-based modeling approach. Nonlin. World 1: 473-492.
62,DiTullio, G.R. and W.O. Smith, Jr. 1995. Relationship between dimethylsulfide and phytoplankton pigment concentrations in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Deep Sea Res. 42: 873-892.
63,Smith, W.O., Jr. and D.J. DeMaster. 1995. Phytoplankton biomass and productivity in the Amazon River Plume: correlation with seasonal river discharge. Cont. Shelf Res. 16: 291-319.
64,Yager, P.L., D.W.R. Wallace, K.M. Johnson, W.O. Smith, Jr., P. Minnett, and J.W. Deming. 1995. The northeast water polynya as an atmospheric CO2 sink: a seasonal rectification hypothesis. J. Geophys. Res. 100: 4389-4398.
65,Smith, W.O., Jr. 1995. Primary productivity and new production in the Northeast Water polynya during summer, 1992. J. Geophys. Res. 100: 4357-4370.
66,Smith, W.O., Jr., I.D. Walsh, B.C. Booth and J.W. Deming. 1995. Particulate matter and phytoplankton distributions in the Northeast Water polynya during summer, 1992. J. Geophys. Res. 100: 4341-4356.
67,Smith, W.O., Jr. and J. Grebmeier (editors). 1995. The Oceanography of the Arctic: Marginal Ice Zones and Continental Shelves. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC. 287 pp.
68,Grebmeier, J., W.O. Smith, Jr. and R.J. Conover. 1995. Biological processes of Arctic: marginal ice zones and continental shelves. In The Oceanography of the Arctic: Marginal Ice Zones and Continental Shelves. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC. Pp. 231-262.
69,Smith, W.O., Jr. and G. Russell. 1995. The controls of nutrient removal on the Brazil continental shelf: a correlation analysis. GeoMarine Letters 15: 195-198.
70,Smith, W.O., Jr., A.-M. White, J. Rich and N.S. Parker. 1995. Phytoplankton biomass and productivity in the Ross Sea polynya: November-December, 1994. Ant. J. U.S. 30: 211-212.
71,Smith, W.O., Jr. 1995. The Ross Sea Polynya Project (RSP2): Objectives and overview. Ant. J. U.S. 30: 195-197.
72,DeMaster, D.J., W.O. Smith, Jr., D.M. Nelson and J.Y. Aller. 1996. Biogeochemical processes in Amazon shelf waters: rates and chemical distributions. Cont. Shelf Res. 16: 617-644.
73,DiTullio, G.R. and W.O. Smith, Jr. 1996. Spatial patterns in phytoplankton biomass and pigment distributions in the Ross Sea. J. Geophys. Res. 101: 18,467-18,478.
74,Nelson, D.M., D.J. DeMaster, R.B. Dunbar, and W.O. Smith, Jr. 1996. Cycling of organic carbon and biogenic silica in the Southern Ocean: Estimates of large-scale water column and sedimentary fluxes in the Ross Sea. J. Geophys. Res. 101: 18,519-18,531.
75,Smith, W.O., Jr., D.M. Nelson, G.R. DiTullio and A.R. Leventer. 1996. Temporal and spatial patterns in the Ross Sea: Phytoplankton biomass, elemental composition, productivity and growth rates. J. Geophys. Res. 101: 18,455-18,466.
76,Smith, W.O., Jr. 1996. Review of “The Biology of the Southern Ocean”. Limnol. Oceanogr. 41: 372.
77,Booth, B.C. and W.O. Smith, Jr. 1997. Diatoms and autotrophic flagellates in the Northeast Water Polynya, Greenland: summer 1993. J. Mar. Systems 10: 241-262.
78,Smith, W.O., Jr., M. Gosselin, L. Legendre, D.W.R. Wallace, K. Daly and G. Kattner. 1997. New production in the Northeast Water Polynya: 1993. J. Mar. Systems 10:199-210.
79,DiTullio, G.R. and W.O. Smith, Jr. 1997. Studies on dimethylsulfide in Antarctic coastal waters. In Antarctic Communities: Species, Structure and Survival (eds. B. Battaglia, J. Valencia and D.W.H. Walton), Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, GB. Pp. 93-100.
80,Smith, W.O., Jr. and L.I. Gordon. 1997. Hyperproductivity of the Ross Sea (Antarctica) polynya during austral spring. Geophys. Res. Letters 24: 233-236.
81,Hong, Y., W.O. Smith, Jr. and A.-M. White. 1997. Studies on transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) produced by Phaeocystis sp. (Prymnesiophyceae) in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. J. Phycol. 33: 368-376.
82,Smith, W.O., Jr., A.-M. White, S. Polk, and S. Mathot. 1997. AESOPS (Antarctic Environment Southern Ocean Process Study) Process I Study: winter-spring transition. Ant. J. U.S. 32: 79-81.
83,Smith, W.O., Jr. and R.B. Dunbar. 1998. The relationship between new production and vertical flux on the Ross Sea continental shelf. J. Mar. Systems 17: 445-457.
84,Lancelot, C., M.D. Keller, V. Rousseau, W.O. Smith, Jr. and S. Mathot. 1998. Autecology of the marine haptophyte Phaeocystis sp. In Physiological Ecology of Harmful Algal Blooms (eds., D.M. Anderson, A.D. Cembella and G.M. Hallegraeff). NATO ASI Series, Vol. G41, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg. Pp. 211-224.
85,Arrigo, K.R., A. M. Weiss and W.O. Smith, Jr. 1998. Physical forcing of phytoplankton dynamics in the western Ross Sea. J. Geophys. Res. 103: 1007-1022.
86,Carlson, C.A., H.W. Ducklow, D.A. Hansell and W.O. Smith, Jr. 1998. Organic carbon partitioning during spring phytoplankton blooms in the Ross Sea polynya and the Sargasso Sea. Limnol. Oceanogr. 43: 375-386.
87,Smith, W.O., Jr., C.A. Carlson, H.W. Ducklow, and D.A. Hansell. 1998. Growth dynamics of Phaeocystis antarctica-dominated plankton assemblages from the Ross Sea. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 168: 229-244.
88,Pesant, S., L. Legendre, M. Gosselin, C. Ashjian, B. Booth, K. Daly, L. Fortier, H.-J. Hirche, P. Lane, J. Michaud, R.E.H. Smith, S.L. Smith, and W.O. Smith, Jr. 1998. Pathways of carbon cycling in the euphotic zone: The fate of large sized phytoplankton in the Northeast Water Polynya. J. Plankton Res. 20: 1267 129.
89,Hu, S. and W.O. Smith, Jr. 1998. The effects of irradiance on nitrate uptake and dissolved organic nitrogen release by phytoplankton in the Ross Sea. Cont. Shelf Res. 18: 975-990.
90,Smith, W.O., Jr., H.J. Niebauer, and V. Asper. 1999. Coupling of surface layer biological processes and vertical flux in the Ross Sea. In Ross Sea Ecology (eds., F. Faranda, L. Guiglielmo and A. Ianora). Springer, Berlin, Ch. 12, pp. 151-157.
91,Asper, V.L. and W.O. Smith, Jr. 1999. Particle fluxes during austral spring and summer in the southern Ross Sea (Antarctica). J. Geophys. Res. 104: 5345-5360.
92,Daly, K.L., D.W.R. Wallace, W.O. Smith, Jr., A. Skoog, R. Lara, M. Gosselin, E. Falk, and P.L. Yager. 1999. Anomalous carbon and nitrogen cycling in the Arctic: effects of ecosystem structure and dynamics. J. Geophys. Res. 104: 3185-3200.
93,Ducklow, H., C. Carlson and W.O. Smith, Jr. 1999. Bacterial growth in experimental plankton assemblages and seawater cultures from the Phaeocystis antarctica bloom in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Aquatic Microbial Ecol. 19: 215-227.
94,Smith, W.O., Jr., D.M. Nelson and S. Mathot. 1999. Phytoplankton growth rates in the Ross Sea determined by independent methods: temporal variations. J. Plankton Res. 21: 1519-1536.
95,Moore, J.K., M.R. Abbott, J.G. Richman, W.O. Smith, Jr., T.J. Cowles, K.H. Coale, W.D. Gardner, and R.T. Barber. 1999. SeaWiFS satellite ocean color data at the U.S. Southern Ocean JGOFS line along 170⁰W. Geophys. Res. Letters 26: 1465-1468.
96,Sweeney, C., D.A. Hansell, F.D. Millero, T. Takahashi, L.I. Gordon, C.A. Carlson, L.A. Codispoti, W.O. Smith, Jr., and J. Marra. 2000. Biogeochemical regimes, net community production and carbon export in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Deep-Sea Res. II 47: 3369-3394.
97,Fitzwater, S.E., K.S. Johnson, R.M. Gordon, K.H. Coale and W.O. Smith, Jr. 2000. Trace metal concentrations in the Ross Sea and their relationship with nutrients and growth. Deep-Sea Res. II 47: 3159-3178.
98,Smith, W.O., Jr., J. Marra, M.R. Hiscock and R.T. Barber. 2000. The seasonal cycle of phytoplankton biomass and primary productivity in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Deep-Sea Res. II 47: 3119-3140.
99,Carlson C.A., D.A. Hansell, E.T. Peltzer and W.O. Smith, Jr. 2000. Seasonal dynamics of dissolved and total organic carbon in the southern Ross Sea. Deep-Sea Res. II 47: 3201-3226.
100,Laws, E.A., P. Falkowski, W.O. Smith, Jr., H.W. Ducklow and J.J. McCarthy. 2000. Temperature effects on export production in the open ocean. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 14: 1231-1246.
101,Gardner, W.D., M.J. Richardson and W.O. Smith, Jr. 2000. Seasonal build-up and loss of POC in the Ross Sea. Deep-Sea Res. II 47: 3423-3450.
102,Smith, W.O., Jr., R.F. Anderson, J.K. Moore, L.A. Codispoti and J.M. Morrison. 2000. The U.S. Southern Ocean Joint Global Ocean Flux Study: An Introduction to AESOPS. Deep-Sea Res. II 47: 3073-3095.
103,Sweeney, C., W.O. Smith, Jr. B. Hales, D.A. Hansell, C.A. Carlson, L.A. Codispoti, L.I. Gordon, F.J. Millero, and T. Takahashi. 2000. Nutrient and TCO2 uptake and export ratios in the Ross Sea. Deep-Sea Res. II 47: 3395-3422.
104,Mathot, S., W.O. Smith Jr., C.A. Carlson and D.L. Garrison. 2000. Estimate of Phaeocystis sp. carbon biomass: methodological problems related to the mucilaginous nature of the colonial matrix. J. Phycol. 36: 1049-1056.
105,Smith, W.O., Jr. and V.A. Asper. 2000. A balanced nitrogen budget of the surface layer of the Southern Ross Sea, Antarctica. Geophys. Res. Letters 27: 2721-2724.
106,Smith, W.O., Jr. 2000. Review of Ross Sea Ecology: Italiantartide expeditions (1987 – 1995) (edited by F.M. Faranda, L. Guglielmo and A. Ianora). Limnol. Oceanogr. 45: 1887.
107,Smith, W.O., Jr. and V.A. Asper. 2001. The influence of phytoplankton assemblage composition on biogeochemical characteristics and cycles in the southern Ross Sea, Antarctica. Deep-Sea Res. I 48: 137-161.
108,Daly, K.D., W.O. Smith, Jr., G.C. Johnson, G.R. DiTullio, D.R. Jones, C.W. Mordy, R.A. Feeley, D.A. Hansell and J.-Z. Zhang. 2001. Hydrographic structure and distributions of nutrients and particulate and dissolved carbon in the Pacific Sector of the Southern Ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 106: 7107-7124.
109,Dennett, M.R., S. Mathot, D.A. Caron, W.O. Smith, Jr. and D. Lonsdale. 2001. Abundance and distribution of phototrophic and heterotrophic nano- and microplankton in the southern Ross Sea. Deep-Sea Res. II 48: 4019-4038.
110,Becquevort, S. and W.O. Smith, Jr. 2001. Aggregation, sedimentation and biodegradability of phytoplankton-derived material in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Deep-Sea Res. II 48: 4155-4178.
111,Fasham, M.J.R., B.M. Baliño, M.C. Bowles, R. Anderson, D. Archer, U. Bathmann, P. Boyd, K. Bussseler, P. Burkill, A. Bychkov, C. Carlson, C.-T.A. Chen, S. Doney, H. Ducklow, S. Emerson, R. Feely, G. Feldman, V. Garçon, D. Hansell, R. Hanson, P. Harrison, S. Honjo, C. Jeandel, D. Karl, R. le Bornge, K.-K. Liu, K. Lochte, F. Louanchi, R. Lowry, A. Michaels, P. Monfray, J. Murray, A. Oschlies, T. Platt, J. Priddle, R. Qinñones, D. Ruiz-Pino, T. Saino, E. Sakshaug, G. Shimmield, S. Smith, W. Smith, T. Takahashi, P. Tréguer, D. Wallace, R. Wanninkhof, A. Watson, J. Wilebrand and C.S.Wong. 2001. A new vision of ocean biogeochemistry after a decade of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study. Ambio 10: 4-31.
112,Anderson, R.F. and W.O. Smith, Jr. 2001. The U.S. Southern Ocean Joint Global Ocean Flux Study: Volume Two. Deep-Sea Res. II 48: 3883-3890.
113,van Hilst, C.M. and W.O. Smith, Jr. 2002. Photosynthesis/irradiance relationships in the Ross Sea, Antarctica and their control by phytoplankton assemblage composition and environmental factors. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 226:1-12.
114,Smith, W.O., Jr. and J. Peloquin. 2002. Primary production in the marine environment. In: Encyclopedia of Environmental Microbiology (G. Bitton, ed.), J. Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, pp. 2566-2575.
115,Ralph, P.J., S.M. Polk, K.A Moore, R.J. Orth, and W.O. Smith, Jr. 2002. Operation of the xanthophyll cycle in the seagrass Zostera marina in response to variable irradiance. J. exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 271: 189-207.
116,Johnson, K.S., J.K. Moore and W.O. Smith, Jr. 2002. Workshop highlights role of iron dynamics in the ocean carbon cycle. EOS 83: 482, 484.
117,Smith, W.O., Jr. and C.M. van Hilst. 2003. Effects of assemblage composition on the temporal dynamics of carbon and nitrogen uptake in the Ross Sea. In: Biogeochemical Cycles in the Ross Sea (G.R. DiTullio and R.B. Dunbar, editors), Antarctic Res. Ser., American Geophysical Union, pp. 197-208.
118,Hiscock, M.R., J. Marra, W.O. Smith, Jr., R. Goericke, C. Measures, S. Vinke, R. Olson, H. Sosik and R.T. Barber. 2003. Primary productivity and its regulation in the Pacific Sector of the Southern Ocean. Deep-Sea Res. II 50: 533-558.
119,Smith, W.O., Jr., M.R. Dennett, S. Mathot and D.A. Caron. 2003. The temporal dynamics of the flagellated and colonial stages of Phaeocystis antarctica in the Ross Sea. Deep-Sea Res. II 50: 605-618.
120,Asper, V.A. and W.O. Smith, Jr. 2003. Abundance, distribution and sinking rates of aggregates in the Ross Sea Polynya. Deep-Sea Res. I 50: 131-150.
121,Asper, V.A. and W.O. Smith, Jr. 2003. The distribution of particulate organic carbon and its dynamics in the southern Ross Sea. In: Biogeochemical Cycles in the Ross Sea (G.R. DiTullio and R.B. Dunbar, editors), Antarctic Res. Ser., American Geophysical Union, pp. 235-242.
122,Vaillancourt, R.D., J. Marra, R.T. Barber and W.O. Smith, Jr. 2003. Primary productivity and in situ quantum yields in the Ross Sea and Pacific Sector of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Deep-Sea Res. II 50: 559-578.
123,DiTullio, G.R., M.E. Geesy, D.R. Jones, K.L. Daly, L. Campbell and W.O. Smith, Jr. 2003. Phytoplankton assemblage composition and primary productivity along 170W in the South Pacific Ocean. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 255: 55-80.
124,Smith, W.O., Jr. and R.F. Anderson. 2003. U.S. Southern Ocean JGOFS Program (AESOPS): Part III. Deep-Sea Res. II 50: 529-532.
125,Ducklow, H.W., J.L. Oliver and W.O. Smith, Jr. 2003. The role of iron as a limiting nutrient for marine plankton processes. In: Interactions of the Major Biogeochemical Cycles: Global Change and Human Impacts (J.M. Melillo, C.B. Field and B. Moldan, eds.), Island Press, Washington, pp. 295-310.
126,Moldan, F., S. Seitzinger, V.T. Eviner, J.N. Galloway, X. Han, M. Keller, P. Nannipieri, W.O. Smith, Jr., and H. Tiessen. 2003. Potential for deliberate management of element interactions to address major environmental issues. In: Interactions of the Major Biogeochemical Cycles: Global Change and Human Impacts (J.M. Melillo, C.B. Field and B. Moldan, eds.), Island Press, Washington, pp. 93-116.
127,Smith, W.O., Jr., M.S. Dinniman, J.M. Klinck, and E. Hofmann. 2003. Biogeochemical climatologies in the Ross Sea, Antarctica: seasonal patterns of nutrients and biomass. Deep-Sea Res. II 50: 3083-3101.
128,Dinniman, M.S., J.M. Klinck, and W.O. Smith, Jr. 2003. Cross-shelf exchange in a model of Ross Sea circulation and biogeochemistry. Deep-Sea Res. II 50: 3103-3120.
129,Smith, W.O., Jr. 2004. Can the oceans be engineered to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide? In: First Ecology, A. Beeby and A.-M. Brennan, Edition 1. Oxford University Press. 318 pp.
130,Oliver, J.E., R.T. Barber, W.O. Smith, Jr., and H.W. Ducklow. 2004. The heterotrophic bacterial response during the Southern Ocean Iron Experiment (SOFeX). Limnol. Oceanogr. 49: 2129-2140.
131,Smith, W.O., Jr. and C.L. Lancelot. 2004. Bottom-up vs. top-down control in phytoplankton of the Southern Ocean. Ant. Science 16: 531-539.
132,Smith, W.O., Jr., A.R. Shields, J.A. Peloquin, G. Catalano, S. Tozzi, M.S. Dinniman and V.A. Asper. 2006. Biogeochemical budgets in the Ross Sea: variations among years. Deep-Sea Res. II 53: 815-833.
133,Smith, W.O. Jr. and A.R. Shields. 2006. Antarctic chemical oceanography. In: Encyclopedia of the Antarctic (B. Riffenburgh, Ed.), Routledge, New York, Pp. 221-224.
134,Smith, W.O. Jr. 2006. Trophic level interactions. In: Encyclopedia of the Antarctic (B. Riffenburgh, Ed.), Routledge, New York, Pp. 631-633.
135,Peloquin, J.A. and W.O. Smith, Jr. 2006. The role of phytoplankton size on photochemical recovery during the Southern Ocean iron experiment. J. Phycol. 42: 1016-1027.
136,Tremblay, J.-E. and W.O. Smith, Jr. 2007. Phytoplankton processes in polynyas. In: Polynyas: Windows to the World’s Oceans (W.O. Smith, Jr. and D.G. Barber, eds.), Elsevier, Amsterdam, Pp. 239-270.
137,Smith, W.O. Jr. and D.G. Barber (Eds.). 2007. Polynyas: Windows to the World’s Oceans. Elsevier, Amsterdam. 437 pp.
138,Smith, W.O. Jr. and D.G. Barber. 2007. Polynyas and climate change: a view to the future. In: Polynyas: Windows to the World’s Oceans (W.O. Smith, Jr. and D.G. Barber, eds.), Elsevier, Amsterdam, Pp. 409-417.
139,Smith, W.O. Jr., D.G. Ainley and R. Cattaneo-Vietti. 2007. Trophic interactions within the Ross Sea continental shelf ecosystem. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc., ser. B 362: 95-111.
140,Lance, V.P., M.R. Hiscock, A.K. Hilting, D.A. Steube, R.R. Bidigare, W.O. Smith, Jr. and R.T. Barber. 2007. Primary productivity increases and differential phytoplankton composition responses in two Southern Ocean in situ iron enrichments. Deep-Sea Res. I 54: 747-773.
141,Oliver, J.L., W.O. Smith, Jr., H.W. Ducklow and R.T. Barber. 2007. Rejoinder to: “interpreting the results of oceanic mesoscale experiments: caveats and lessons learned from limnology and coastal ecology”. Limnol. Oceanogr. 52: 919-920.
142,Peloquin, J. A., and W. O. Smith, Jr. 2007. Phytoplankton blooms in the Ross Sea, Antarctica: Interannual variability in magnitude, temporal patterns, and composition. J. Geophys. Res. 112: C08013, doi:10.1029/2006JC003816.
143,Smith, W.O., Jr. 2007. Can the oceans be engineered to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide? In: First Ecology, A. Beeby and A.-M. Brennan, Edition 2. Oxford University Press (in press).
144,Delizo, L, W.O. Smith, Jr. and J. Hall. 2007. Taxonomic composition and growth rates of phytoplankton assemblages at the Subtropical Convergence east of New Zealand. J. Plankton Res. 29: 655-670.
145,Dinniman, M.S., J.M. Klinck, and W.O. Smith, Jr. 2007. The influence of sea ice cover and icebergs on circulation and water mass formation in a numerical circulation model of the Ross Sea, Antarctica. J. Geophys. Res. 112:C11013, doi:10.1029/2006JC004036.
146,Smith, W.O. Jr. and V. Asper. 2007. Use of alternative sampling platforms in the Antarctic: a workshop report. EOS 88: 525.
147,Hiscock, M.R., V.P. Lance, A.M. Apprill, Z. Johnson, R.R. Bidigare, B.G. Mitchell, W.O. Smith Jr., and R.T. Barber. 2008. Photosynthetic maximum quantum yield increases are an essential component of Southern Ocean phytoplankton iron response. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sciences 105: 4775-4780.
148,Smith, W.O. Jr. and J.C. Comiso. 2008. The influence of sea ice on primary production in the Southern Ocean: a satellite perspective. J. Geophys. Res. 113, C05S93, doi:10.1029/2007JC004251.
149,Tortell, P.D., C. Payne, Y. Li, S. Trimborne, B. Rost, W.O. Smith, Jr., C. Riesselman, R.B. Dunbar, P. Sedwick, and G.R. DiTullio. 2008. CO2 sensitivity of Southern Ocean phytoplankton. Geophys. Res. Letters 35, L04605, doi:10.1029/2007GL032583.
150,Shields, A.R. and W.O.Smith, Jr. 2008. An examination of the role of colonial Phaeocystis antarctica in the microbial food web of the Ross Sea. Polar Biol. 31: 1091-1099. DOI 10.1107/s00300-008-0450-z.
151,Tang, K.W., W.O. Smith, Jr., D.T. Elliott, and A.R. Shields. 2008. Colony size of Phaeocystis antarctica (Prymnesiophyceae) as influenced by zooplankton grazers. J. Phycol. 44 1372-1378.
152,Tang, K.W., W.O. Smith, Jr., A.R. Shields and D.T. Elliott. 2009. Survival and recovery of Phaeocystis antarctica (Prymnesiophyceae) from prolonged darkness and freezing. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc., ser. B 276: 81-90 [doi:10:1098.rsbp.2008.0598].
153,Smith, W.O. Jr. and J.C. Comiso. 2009. Southern Ocean primary productivity: variability and a view to the future. In Smithsonian at the Poles: Contributions to International Polar Year Science (I. Krupnik, M.A. Lang, and S.E. Miller, Eds.), Smithsonian Inst. Scholarly Press, Washington, D.C., pp. 309-318.
154,Shields, A.R. and W.O. Smith, Jr. 2009. Photosynthesis/irradiance relationships of solitary and colonial forms of Phaeocystis antarctica from the Ross Sea, Antarctica. J. Plankton Res. 31: 701-712; doi:10.1093/plankt/fbp022.
155,Smith, W.O. Jr., S. Tozzi, A.R. Shields, J. Dreyer, J. Peloquin and V. Asper. 2009. Interannual, seasonal and event-scale variability in the Ross Sea. Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry News 2: 1-4.
156,Rose, J.M., Y. Feng, G.R. DiTullio, R. Dunbar, C.E. Hare, P. Lee, M. Lohan, M. Long, W.O. Smith Jr., B. Sohst, S. Tozzi, Y. Zhang and D.A. Hutchins. 2009. Synergistic effects of iron and temperature on Antarctic plankton assemblages. Biogeosciences 6: 5,849-5,889.
157,Feng, Y., C.E. Hare, J.M. Rose, S.M. Handy, G.R. DiTullio, P. Lee, W.O. Smith, Jr., J. Peloquin, S. Tozzi, J. Sun, Y. Zhang, R.B. Dunbar, M.C. Long, B. Sohst and D. Hutchins. 2009. Interactive effects of CO2, irradiance and iron on Ross Sea phytoplankton. Deep-Sea Res. I 57: 368-383.
158,Smith, W.O., Jr., J.A. Peloquin and D.M. Karl. 2010. Fluxes of biogenic matter on Antarctic continental margins: temporal and spatial patterns. In: Liu, K.-K., Atkinson, L., Quiñones, R., Talaue-McManus, L. (Editors). Carbon and Nutrient Fluxes in Continental Margins: A Global Synthesis. IGBP Book Series. Springer, Berlin, 744 p + XXVIII, pp. 318-330.
159,Smith, W.O., Jr. 2010. An overview of cross-shelf carbon exchanges in polar margins. In: Liu, K.-K., Atkinson, L., Quiñones, R., Talaue-McManus, L. (Editors). Carbon and Nutrient Fluxes in Continental Margins: A Global Synthesis. IGBP Book Series. Springer, Berlin, 744 p + XXVIII, pp. 289-291.
160,Wang, Y., W.O. Smith, Jr., X. Wang and S. Li. 2010. Subtle biological responses to increased CO2 concentrations by a harmful algal bloom species. Geophys. Res. Letters 37, L09604, doi:10.1029/2010GL042666.
161,Smith, W.O. Jr., M. Dinniman, G.R. DiTullio, S. Tozzi, O. Mangoni, M. Modigh and V. Saggiomo. 2010. Phytoplankton photosynthetic pigments in the Ross Sea: Patterns and relationships among functional groups. J. Mar. Systems 82: 177-185.
162,Wang, X., K. Tang, Y. Wang and W.O. Smith, Jr. 2010. Temperature effects on growth, colony development and carbon partitioning of three Phaeocystis species. Aquatic Biol. 9: 239-249.
163,Peloquin, J.A., J. Hall, K. Safi, W.O. Smith, Jr., S. Wright and R. van den Enden. 2011. The response of phytoplankton to iron enrichment in Sub-Antarctic HNLC-LSi waters: Results from the SAGE experiment. Deep-Sea Res. II 58: 808-823.
164,Blight, L.K., D.G. Ainley, S.F. Ackley, G. Ballard, T. Ballerini, R.L. Browell, Jr., C.-H.C. Cheng, M. Chaitore, D. Costa, M.C. Coulter, P. Dayton, A.L. DeVries, R. Dunbar, S. Earle, J.T. Eastman, S.D. Emslie, C.W. Evans, R.A. Garrott, S. Kim, G. Kooyman, M. Lizotte, M. Massaro, S. Olmastroni, P.J. Ponganis, J. Russell, D.B. Siniff, W.O. Smith Jr., B.S. Stewart, I. Stirling, J. Willis, P. Wilson and E.J. Woehler. 2011. Fishing for data. Science 330: 1316.
165,Smith, W.O. Jr., V. Asper, S. Tozzi, X. Liu and S.E. Stammerjohn. 2011a. Surface layer variability in the Ross Sea, Antarctica as assessed by in situ fluorescence measurements. Prog. Oceanogr. 88: 28-45 (doi: 10.1016/j.pocean.2010.08.002).
166,Smith, W.O. Jr., A.R. Shields, J. Dreyer, J.A. Peloquin and V. Asper. 2011b. Interannual variability in vertical export in the Ross Sea: magnitude, composition, and environmental correlates. Deep-Sea Res. I 58: 147-159.
167,Dinniman, M.S., J.M. Klinck, and W.O. Smith, Jr. 2011. A model study of Circumpolar Deep Water on the West Antarctic Peninsula and Ross Sea continental shelves. Deep-Sea Res. II 58: 1508-1523.
168,Wang, X., Y. Wang and W.O. Smith, Jr. 2011. The role of nitrogen on the growth and colony development of Phaeocystis globosa (Prymnesiophyceae). Eur. J. Phycol. 46: 305-314.
169,Saba, V.S., M.A.M. Friedrichs, D. Antoine, R.A. Armstrong, I. Asanuma, M.J. Behrenfeld, A.M. Ciotti, M. Dowell, N. Hoepffner, K.J. W. Hyde, J. Ishizaka, T. Kameda, J. Marra, F. Mélin, A. Morel, J. O’Reilly, M. Scardi, W.O. Smith Jr., T.J. Smyth, S. Tang, J. Uitz, K. Waters and T.K. Westberry. 2011. Estimating marine primary productivity in coastal and pelagic regions across the globe: An evaluation of satellite-based ocean color models. Biogeosciences 8: 489-503.
170,Sedwick, P.N., C.M. Marsay, A.M. Aguilar-Islas, M.C. Lohan, B.M. Sohst, M.C. Long, K.R. Arrigo, R.B. Dunbar, M.A. Saito, W.O. Smith and G.R. DiTullio. 2011. Early-season depletion of dissolved iron in the Ross Sea polynya: Implications for iron dynamics on the Antarctic continental shelf. J. Geophys. Res. 116, C12019, doi:10.1029/2010JC006553.
171,Asper, V., W.O. Smith, Jr., C. Lee, J. Gobat, K. Heywood, B. Queste, and M.S. Dinniman. Using gliders to study a phytoplankton bloom in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Proc. Oceans 2011 MTS/IEEE KONA Conf. Exhib., doi: 0-933957-39-8.
172,Long, M.C., R.B. Dunbar, P.D. Tortell, W.O. Smith, Jr., D.A. Mucciarone and G.R. DiTullio. 2011. Vertical structure, seasonal drawdown, and net community production in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. J. Geophys. Res. 116, C10029, doi:10.1029/2009JC005954.
173,Fransson, A., M. Chierici, P.L.Yager and W.O. Smith, Jr. 2011. Antarctic sea ice carbon dioxide system and controls. J. Geophys. Res. 116, C10029, doi:10.1029/2009JC005954.
174,Smith, W.O. Jr., D.G. Ainley, R. Cattaneo-Vietti and E.E. Hofmann. 2012. The Ross Sea continental shelf: Regional biogeochemical cycles, trophic interactions, and potential future changes. In: Antarctic Ecosystems: An Extreme Environment in a Changing World (A.D. Rogers, N.M. Johnston, E.J. Murphy and A. Clarke, Eds.). Chapter 7, Blackwell Publishing, London, pp. 213-242.
175,Fragoso, G.M. and W.O. Smith, Jr. 2012. Influence of hydrography on phytoplankton distribution in the Amundsen and Ross Seas, Antarctica. J. Mar. Systems 89: 19-29.
176,Smith, W.O. Jr., E.E. Hofmann, and A. Mosby. 2012. Aquatic biogeochemistry - marine. In: Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology (R.A. Meyers, Ed.), Springer, doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3.
177,Liu, X. and W.O. Smith, Jr. 2012. A statistical analysis of the controls on phytoplankton distribution in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. J. Mar. Systems 94: 135-144.
178,Smith, W.O. Jr., P.N. Sedwick, K.R. Arrigo, D.G. Ainley, and A.H. Orsi. 2012. The Ross Sea in a sea of change. Oceanography 25: 44-57.
179,Mattson, E., A. Karlsson, W.O. Smith, Jr., and K. Abrahamsson. 2012. The relationship between biophysical variables and halocarbon distribution in the waters of the Amundsen and Ross Seas, Antarctica. Mar. Chem. 140: 1-9.
180,Meiners, K.M., M. Vancoppenolle, S. Thanassekos, G.S. Dieckmann, D.N. Thomas, J.-L. Tison, K.R. Arrigo, D. Garrison, A. McMinn, D. Lannuzel, P. van der Merwe, K. Swadling, W.O. Smith Jr., I. Melnikov, and B. Raymond. 2012. Chlorophyll a in Antarctic sea ice from historical ice core data. Geophys. Res. Letters 39, L21602, doi:10.1029/2012GL053478.
181,Liu, X., W.O. Smith, Jr., N.H.Doan, and N.L. Nguyen. 2013. Summer hydrography, nutrient stoichiometry, and phytoplankton distributions off southeast Viet Nam. Proc. Intern. Conf. “Bien Dong 2012” 1: 351-367.
182,Smith, W.O. Jr., S. Tozzi, P.W. Sedwick, G.R. DiTullio, J.A. Peloquin, M. Long, R. Dunbar, D.A. Hutchins and Z. Kolber. 2013. Spatial and temporal variations in variable fluorescence in the Ross Sea (Antarctica): environmental and biological correlates. Deep-Sea Res. I 79: 141-155.
183,Granfors, A., A. Karlsson, E. Mattsson, W.O. Smith, Jr. and K. Abrahamsson. 2013. Contribution of sea ice to the flux of volatile halogenated organic compounds to the atmosphere of the Southern Ocean. Geophys. Res. Letters 40, 1-6, doi:10.1002/grl.50777.
184,Peloquin, J., C. Swan, N. Gruber, M. Vogt, H. Claustre, J. Ras, J. Uitz, J-C. Marty, R. Barlow, M. Behrenfeld, R. Bidigare, H. Dierssen, G. DiTullio, E. Fernandez, C. Gallienne, S. Gibb, R. Goericke, L. Harding, E. Head, P. Holligan, S. Hooker, D. Karl, T. Knap, M. Landry, R. Letelier, C.A. Llewellyn, M. Lomas, M. Lucas, A. Mannino, J.-C. Marty, B. G. Mitchell, F. Müller-Karger, N. Nelson, C. O'Brien, B. Prezelin, D. Repeta, W. O. Smith, Jr., D. Smythe-Wright, R. Stumpf, A. Subramaniam, K. Suzuki, C. Trees, M. Vernet, K. Wasmund, and S. Wright. 2014. The MAREDAT global database of high performance liquid chromatography marine pigment measurements. Earth System Science Data 5: 109-123.
185,Ballerini, T., E.E. Hofmann, D.G. Ainley, K. Daly, M. Marrari, C. Ribic, W.O. Smith Jr. and J. Steele. 2013. Productivity and linkages of the food web of the southern region of the western Antarctic Peninsula continental shelf. Prog. Oceanogr., http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2013.11.007.
186,Smith, W.O. Jr., D.G. Ainley, K.R. Arrigo, and M.S. Dinniman. 2014. The oceanography and ecology of the Ross Sea. Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. 6: 469-487.
187,Smith, W.O. Jr., M.S. Dinniman, E.E. Hoffman, and J. Klinck. 2014. Modeled impacts of changing winds and temperatures on the oceanography of the Ross Sea in the 21st century. Geophys. Res. Letters 41: 1624-1631, doi:10.1002/2014GL059311.
188,Smith, W.O. Jr., X. Liu, K.W. Tang, L.M. Delizo, N.H. Doan, N.L. Nguyen, and X. Wang. 2014. Giantism and its role in the harmful algal bloom species Phaeocystis globosa. Deep-Sea Res. II 60: 95-106, doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.12.005i.
189,Constable, A., J. Melbourne-Thomas, S. Corney, K. Arrigo, C. Barbraud, D. Barnes, N. Bindoff, P. Boyd, A. Brandt, D. Costa, A. Davidson, H. Ducklow, L. Emmerson, M. Fukuchi, J. Gutt, M. Hindell, E. Hofmann, G. Hosie, T. Iida, S. Jacob, N. Johnston, S. Kawaguchi, N. Kokubun, P. Koubbi, M.-A. Lea, A. Makhado, R. Massom, K. Meiners, M. Meredith, E. Murphy, S. Nicol, K. Reid, K. Richerson, M. Riddle, S. Rintoul, W. Smith, C. Southwell, J. Stark, M. Sumner, K. Swadling, K. Takahashi, P. Trathan, D. Welsford, H. Weimerskirch, K. Westwood, B. Wienecke, D. Wolf-Gladrow, S. Wright, J. Xavier and P. Ziegler. 2014. Climate change impacts on Southern Ocean ecosystems I: implications of changing habitats on primary functional groups. Global Change Biol. doi:10.1111/gcb.12623.
190,Smith, W.O., Jr., K.T. Goetz, D.E. Kaufman, B.Y. Queste, V. Asper, D.P. Costa, M.S. Dinniman, M.A.M. Friedrichs, E.E. Hofmann, K.J. Heywood, J.M. Klinck, J.T. Kohut, and C.M. Lee. 2014. Multi-platform, multi-disciplinary investigations of the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Oceanogr. 27: 180-185.
191,Kaufman, D.E., M.A.M. Friedrichs, W.O. Smith, Jr., B.Y. Queste, and K.J. Heywood. 2014. Biogeochemical variability in the southern Ross Sea as observed by a glider deployment. Deep-Sea Res. I 92: 93-106.
192,Smith, W.O., Jr. and R.M. Jones. 2015. Vertical mixing, critical depths, and phytoplankton growth in the Ross Sea. ICES J. Mar. Science 72: 1952-1960.
193,Queste, B.Y., K.J. Heywood, W.O. Smith, Jr., D.E. Kaufman, T. Jickells, M.S. Dinniman, and C. Lee. 2015. Observations of dissolved oxygen dynamics during a phytoplankton bloom in the Ross Sea polynya. Ant. Sci. 27: 362-372.
194,Heywood, K.H., S. Schmidtko, C. Heuzé, J. Kaiser, T.D. Jickells, B.Y. Queste, D.P. Stevens, M. Wadley, A.F. Thompson, S. Fielding, D. Guihen, E. Creed, J. Ridley, and W.O. Smith, Jr. 2015. Importance of processes at the Antarctic continental slope for climate and the carbon cycle. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc., ser. A, 373, doi:10.1098/rsta.2013.0047.
195,Mosby, A. and W.O. Smith, Jr. 2015. Phytoplankton growth rates in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Aq. Microb. Ecol. 74: 157-171.
196,Smith, W.O., Jr. and K. Donaldson. 2015. Photosynthesis-irradiance responses in the Ross Sea, Antarctica: a meta-analysis. Biogeosciences 12: 1-11.
197,Ainley, D.G., G. Ballard, R.M. Jones, D. Jongsomjit, S. Pierce, W.O. Smith, Jr., and S. Veloz. 2015. Trophic cascades in the western Ross Sea, Antarctica: Revisited. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 434: 1-16.
198,Liu, X., W.O. Smith, Jr., K.W. Tang, N.H. Doan, and N.L. Nguyen. 2015. Theoretical size controls of the giant Phaeocystis globosa colonies. Ocean Science J. 50: 283-289.
199,McGillicuddy, D.M. Jr., P.N. Sedwick, M.S. Dinniman, K.R. Arrigo, T.S. Bibby, B.J.W. Greenan, E.E. Hofmann, J.M. Klinck, W.O. Smith, Jr., S.L. Mack, C.M. Marsay, B.M. Sohst, and G. van Dijken. 2015. Iron supply and demand in an Antarctic shelf system. Geophys. Res. Letters 42, doi:10.1002/2015GL065727.
200,Williams, M., G. Budillon, W.O. Smith, Jr., S. Ackley, D. Blankenship, J. Greenbaum, S. Lee and L.W. Sang. 2015. Observation Activities in the Ross Sea: Current and future national contributions to the Southern Ocean Observing System. SOOS Report 1: 1-13.
201,Kustka, A.B., J.T. Kohut, A.E. White, P.J. Lam, A. Milligan, M.S. Dinniman, S. Mack, E. Hunter, M.R. Hiscock, W.O. Smith, Jr. and C.I. Measures. 2015. The roles of MCDW and deep water iron supply in sustaining a recurrent phytoplankton bloom on central Pennell Bank (Ross Sea). Deep-Sea Res. I 105: 171-185.
202,Jørgensen, L.L., P. Archambault, C. Armstrong, A. Dolgov, E. Edinger, T. Gaston, J. Hildebrand, D. Piepenburg, W.O. Smith, Jr., C.H. von Quillfeldt, M Vecchione, and J. Rice. 2016. Arctic Ocean. In Global Reporting and Assessment of the State of the Marine Environment, including Socioeconomic Aspects, Chapter 36G 1, UN Report on Biodiversity, 1-47.
203,Hunt, G.L. Jr., K.F. Drinkwater, K.R. Arrigo, J. Berge, K.L. Daly, S. Danielson, M. Daase, H. Hop, E. Isla, N. Karnovsky, K. Laidre, E.J. Murphy, F. Mueter, P.E. Renaud, W.O. Smith, Jr., P. Trathan, and D. Wolf-Gladrow. 2016. Advection in polar and sub-polar environments: Impacts on high latitude marine ecosystems. Prog. Oceanogr. 149: 40-81.
204,Smith, W.O., Jr., D.J. McGillicuddy Jr., E.B. Olson, V. Kosnyrev, E.E. Peacock and H.M. Sosik. 2017. Mesoscale variability in intact and ghost colonies of Phaeocystis antarctica in the Ross Sea: Distribution and abundance. J. Mar. Systems 166: 97-107.
205,Ryan-Keogh, T.J., L.M. Delizo, W.O. Smith, Jr ., P.N. Sedwick, D.J. McGillicuddy Jr., C.M. Moore and T.S. Bibby. 2017. Temporal progression of photosynthetic strategy by phytoplankton in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. J. Mar. Systems 166: 87-96.
206,Jones, R.M. and W.O. Smith, Jr. 2017. The influence of short-term events on the hydrographic and biological structure of the southwestern Ross Sea. J. Mar. Systems 166: 184-195.
207,Mosby, A.F. and W.O. Smith, Jr. 2017. Structural equation modeling of the influence of environmental factors on summer phytoplankton growth in the Ross Sea. Polar Biol. 40: 291-299.
208,Kaufman, D.E., M.A.M. Friedrichs, W.O. Smith, Jr., E.E. Hofmann, M.S. Dinniman, and J.C.P. Hennings. 2017. Climate change impacts on Ross Sea biogeochemistry: results from 1D modeling experiments. J. Geophys. Res. 122: 2339–2359, doi:10.1002/2016JC012514.
209,Smith, W.O., Jr. 2017. Reflections on a life at sea: an oceanographer in the Southern Ocean. In: Science, Antarctica and Me (U. Edvinsson, Ed.), Elsevier, Heidelburg (in press).
210,Tozzi, S. and W.O. Smith, Jr. 2017. Contrasting photo-physiological responses of the haptophyte Phaeocystis antarctica and the diatom Pseudonitzschia sp. in the Ross Sea (Antarctica). AIMS-Geosci. 3: 142-162, doi:10.3934/geosci.2017.2.142.
211,Smith, W.O., Jr., L.M. Delizo, C. Herbolsheimer and E. Spencer. 2017. Distribution and abundance of mesozooplankton in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Polar Biol. 40: 2351-2361, doi:10.1007/s00300-017-2149-5.
212,Smith, W.O., Jr. 2017. Reflections on phytoplankton and the Ross Sea. Man and the Biosphere 1-2:54-58 (in Chinese).
213,Cavanagh, R.D., E.J. Murphy, T.J. Bracegirdle, J. Turner, C. Knowland, S. Corney, W.O. Smith Jr., C.M. Waluda, N.M. Johnston, R. Bellerby, , A. Constable, D. Costa, E. Hofmann, J. Jackson, I. Staniland, D. Wolf-Gladrow and J. Xavier. 2017. A synergistic approach to understanding the ecological effects of climate change. Frontiers in Marine Science, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2017.00308.
214,Kaufman, D.E., M.A.M. Friedrichs, J.C.P. Hennings and W.O. Smith, Jr. 2018. Assimilating bio-optical glider data: time and space variability during a phytoplankton bloom in the southern Ross Sea. Biogeosci. 15: 73–90, https:/doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-73-2018.
215,Dinniman, M.S., J.M. Klinck, E.E. Hofmann, and W.O. Smith, Jr. 2018. Effects of projected changes in wind, atmospheric temperature and freshwater inflow on the Ross Sea. J. Climate 31: 1619-1635.
216,Phan-Tan, L., L. Nguyen-Ngoc, W.O. Smith, Jr., and H. Doan-Nhu. 2018. A new dinoflagellate species, Protoperidinium smithii H. Doan-Nhu, L. Phan-Tan et L. Nguyen-Ngoc sp. nov., and an amended description of Protoperidinium defectum (Balech 1965) Balech 1974 from the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Polar Biol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-018-2262-0.
217,Brault, E., P.L. Koch, K.W. McMahon, K.H. Broach, A.P. Rosenfield, W. Sauthoff, V.J. Loeb, K.R. Arrigo and W.O. Smith, Jr. 2018. Carbon and nitrogen isoscapes in West Antarctica reflect oceanographic transitions. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 593: 29-45.
218,Smith, W.O., Jr. and D.E. Kaufman. 2018. Particulate organic carbon climatologies in the Ross Sea: evidence for seasonal acclimations within phytoplankton. Prog. Oceanogr. 168: 182-195, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2018.10.003.
219,Asper, V. and W.O. Smith, Jr. 2019. Variations in the abundance and distribution of aggregates in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Elem. Sci. Anth. 7: 23, https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.355.
220,Smith, W.O., Jr. and M.G. Meyer. 2019. Marine plankton of open Antarctic Seas. In Encyclopedia of the World's Biomes (M. Goldstein and D. Della Sala, eds.), Elsevier, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409548-9.11773-7.
221,Sharifinia, M., Z.A. Bahmanbeigloo, W.O. Smith, Jr., C.K. Yap, and M. Keshavarzifard. 2019. Prevention is better than cure: Persian Gulf biodiversity vulnerability to the impacts of desalination plants. Glob. Change Biol. 25: 1–12, https://doi: 10.1111/gcb.14808.

MS 501 Introduction to Marine Sciences
MS 698 Seminar in Polar Oceanography
MS 659 Phytoplankton Ecology
MS 624 Seminar in Plankton Ecology
MS 698 Seminar in Upwelling Systems
MS 652 Plankton Ecology
MS 610 Effects of Global Change on Modern Marine Systems
MS 526 Principles of Marine Ecology
ENV 440 Asian Environmental Issues of the 21st Century
MS 492 Field Methods in Coastal and Estuarine Marine Science

• Member, Steering Committee, ICED (Integrating Climate and Ecosystem Dynamics in the Southern Ocean)
• Editorial Board, International Journal of Oceanography
• Editori, Antarctic Science

• Ocean Sciences Quarterly Panel, National Science Foundation 1998
• Medal of Participation, XVI Italian Antarctic Expedition 2001
• Plumeri Award for Faculty Excellence, College of William & Mary 2011-2012
• Vietnam Education Faculty Scholar 2013-2014