为纪念上海交通大学建校125周年，上海交通大学与美国科学促进会携手《科学》/美国科学促进会，共同出版了上海交通大学建校125周年纪念专刊《125个科学问题——探索与发现》。4月10日，“SJTU&Science125个科学问题发布暨未来科技论坛”在上海交通大学闵行校区陈瑞球楼举行，面向全球发布了这125个科学问题。

海洋学院的王风平老师、曹玲老师和周磊老师参与贡献的问题被收录进了最终入选的125个科学问题中。

王风平

推荐问题

中文：深部生物圈的体量，组成和重要性是什么？

English: How big is the deep biosphere, what microbes are there and how about their importance?

推荐理由

深部生命是指从地层深处岩石到高温的火山玄武岩中无所不在的原核生物，它们的发现极大地扩展了地球上生物圈的范围。对深部生物圈起源和演化，生命极限和边界的探索，既可以使我们对地球古老生命的起源和演化获得更为深刻的认识，又可以为我们思考和探索太阳系中其他星系可能存在的生命形式提供重要线索。

Deep biosphere refers to the ubiquitously distributed prokaryotes living in Earth crust to high temperature volcanic basalt. Their discovery has greatly expanded the scope of biosphere on Earth. The exploration of their origin and evolution, and boundary of life in deep biosphere can not only make us have a deeper understanding of the origin and evolution of life on Earth, but also provide important clues for us to think and explore the possible life forms of other planets.

曹玲

推荐问题

中文：什么可以帮助保护海洋？

English: What could help conservation of the oceans?

推荐理由

随着经济发展，陆地资源短缺问题日益加剧，海洋将是未来人类生存和发展的最后保障。然而，过度开发已致近海资源严重衰竭，生态灾害屡屡发生。如何实现海洋资源开发与保护之间的平衡发展已成为未来可持续发展的关键挑战。

With economic development, the shortage of terrestrial resources has become increasingly acute. Oceans will be our last guarantor of future human survival and development. However, over-exploitation of oceans by human beings has led to serious depletion of marine resources and frequent recurrence of ecological disasters. How to achieve a balanced development between the exploitation and protection of oceans has become a key challenge for future sustainable development.

周磊

推荐问题

中文：我们是否能够更准确地预测灾害性事件（海啸、飓风、地震）？

英文：Will we be able to predict adverse catastrophic weather events (tsunami, hurricanes, earthquakes) more accurately?

推荐理由

如今，世界上一半以上的人口居住在沿海地区（海岸线200公里以内），这些地区更容易受到海啸、飓风等恶劣天气事件的影响。发达国家（如美国）和发展中国家（如中国）也有向沿海地区移民的趋势。更为紧迫的是，在全球变暖和气候变化的影响下，极端天气灾害的破坏性可能会更大。因此，如何更好地预测恶劣天气事件，是科学界持续存在且当下面临的一个问题。

Nowadays, more than half of the world's population living in coastal regions (within 200km of a coastline), which are more vulnerable to the adverse weather events, such as tsunami and hurricanes. There is also a trend of migration to coastal regions both in the developed countries (such as the US) and the developing countries (such as China). What makes the challenge even more urgent is that, under the global warming and the climate change, the extreme weather disasters are likely to become more devastating. Therefore, a better prediction of the adverse weather events is a persistent and a timely question in science.

此次发布的125个科学问题凝聚了《科学》/美国科学促进会编辑与学术圈，诺贝尔奖、沃尔夫奖、拉斯克奖、图灵奖、麦克阿瑟天才奖获得者等全球知名科学家和青年学者，上海交大师生以及社交媒体的共同智慧。

这些问题涉及到数学、化学、医学健康、生命学科、天文学、物理学、信息科学、材料科学、神经科学、生态学、能源科学和人工智能等多个领域，涵盖范围广，学科领域丰富。